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Chernyaevka

Historically
Bogoroditsky district; in the military ID - Volovsky district
Now
Tula region; the binding is controversial
Years
1745; 1811–1928
Count Alexey Grigoryevich Bobrinsky (1762–1813), owner of the Bogoroditsk volost from 1796.
Count Alexey Grigoryevich Bobrinsky (1762–1813), owner of the Bogoroditsk volost from 1796.

Chernyaevka connects the Melnikov records with the parish registers of the Bushin and Fetisov families. Sergei Melnikov’s military booklet names Chernyaevka in Volovo district, while the parish found in the records is now in Bogoroditsk district. It has not yet been established that they are the same place.

History of the village. Chernyaevka was founded between 1745 and 1763 as an offshoot of the village of Ievlevo and was first called Arkhangelskoye, after the church of the Archangel Michael; in 1792 the old wooden church of Ievlevo was moved there. Until 1796 the peasants belonged to the crown; in 1796 Paul I granted the Bogoroditsk volost to Count Alexey Grigoryevich Bobrinsky, and the village became Chernyaevka. The 1811 revision opens exactly so: peasants «of Count Alexey Grigoryevich Bobrinsky, which came to him by the most gracious grant of 1796» (S55). In 1850 the owner was his youngest son, Count Vasily Alekseyevich (S305).

The Bobrinskys. Alexey Grigoryevich Bobrinsky (1762–1813) was the illegitimate son of Empress Catherine II and Grigory Orlov. He was not adopted: from birth he grew up in the family of the valet Shkurin and took his surname from the village of Bobriki, which his mother had bought for him. A major general, he lived and died in Bogoroditsk. Vasily Alekseyevich (1804–1874) served in the hussars, was put under secret surveillance in the Decembrist affair and later became marshal of the nobility of Tula Governorate; he set up a cloth mill and a sugar factory at Bobriki. The Melnikovs, Bushins and Fetisovs were their serfs until the reform of 1861.

The Melnikovs. The family can be traced through the revisions without a break from 1745: Matvei Semyonov (d. before 1745) → his sons Mikhaila, Nikita and Grigory → their descendants, four households in 1858 (S307, S55, S305, S309). Sergei, father of Ivan Sergeyevich (1895), is most likely Sergiy, born here on 19 September 1865 to the family of Avraamiy Fedotov (S308); this line is drawn dotted in the tree.

Family documents. Sergei's military ID indicates the village of Chernyaevka, Volovsky district, as his place of birth. The revision tale of 1811 contains the Melnikovs' yards in Chernyaevka, but the connection with Sergei requires consistent verification of generations.

Parish. GATO describes the Archangel Michael Church of Chernyaevka. In her books there are Bushins and Fetisovs from Lidinka. This is a parish connection, and not a statement that they all lived in the village itself.

Two volumes of household cards of Chernyaevka and Zuevskaya Sloboda for 1910–1912 have been digitized ( S107 ). Their registered yards have not yet been verified with the Melnikovs. Charter No. 525 for Chernyaevka and three settlements names Count Bobrinsky, 175 souls and allotted 2054 tithes for the entire group of villages ( S109 ).

Household census 1910–1912: former Keller peasants, three communities - a total of 409 households, about 2380 inhabitants ( S130 ).

The parish and church (after I. Malitsky, 1895, S596). According to tradition, the parish “was formed of exiles who worked on building the Tula Arms Factory”, that is, about 1712. The first church was a wooden Trinity church bought in the village of Trosna, Voronezh province; a revered carved image of Christ in prison was brought from there too. Then the wooden church of the Archangel Michael was built — hence the village's old name, Arkhangelskoye; the Trinity (1800) and Ascension (1857) side altars were added to it. The old wooden church of neighbouring Ievlevo was sold to Chernyaevka and rebuilt as a side chapel. The parish included the hamlets of Shcheglovka, Ozerki, Lidinka and the Ozerki settlements; in 1895 there were 2,207 male and 2,375 female parishioners, the church had two priests, a deacon and two psalmists and a parish school, and Shcheglovka, Ozerki and Lidinka had literacy schools.

Chernyaevka volost (memorial book of 1894, S606): the village communities of Alekseevskoye, Gorkinskoye, Lidinskoye, Ozerkovskoye, Podlesnoye, Chernyaevskoye and Shcheglovskoye. Fires in 1887–1896, average per year (provincial board, 1898, S607): in Chernyaevka, 294 households, 2.2 fires and 6.8 households burned; in Ozerki, 125 households, 2.1 fires and 6.9 households.

School and benefactors. In 1878/79 the teacher in Chernyaevka was the local sexton Egor Petrov Lebedev, in Ozerki the peasant Ivan Elizarov Kanunnikov (S618). “The former peasant of the village of Chernyaevka Semyon Matveev Pushkin” spent up to 400 roubles of his own money on the Chernyaevka parish school from 1890 (S619); his kinship with our Pushkins is not yet established.

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Sources

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